In Miami, a U.S. appeals court has found former Bolivian President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada and former Bolivian Defense Minister José Carlos Sánchez Berzaín liable for the massacre of at least 64 unarmed Indigenous people in 2003. The massacre happened as massive Indigenous-led protests erupted across Bolivia against a proposed pipeline. The mobilizations were met by a violent crackdown ordered by the government in what became known as the “Gas War” and “Black October.”