Financial firm Goldman Sachs has agreed to pay nearly $12 million to settle civil charges one of its executives gave campaign services to a Massachusetts public official in exchange for business. The Securities and Exchange Commission said former Goldman Vice President Neil M.M. Morrison used company resources to campaign for Massachusetts Treasurer Timothy Cahill, who made an unsuccessful bid for governor in 2010. Goldman failed to report the activities and went on to earn more than $7.5 million from the state’s bond deals.