AMY GOODMAN: This is Democracy Now! I’m Amy Goodman, with Nermeen Shaikh.

NERMEEN SHAIKH: Secretary of State Mike Pompeo and Defense Secretary Jim Mattis are in New Delhi today for talks aimed at deepening military and trade ties between India and the United States. India is the largest weapons importer in the world. Pompeo spoke earlier today in Delhi.

SECRETARY OF STATE MIKE POMPEO: Our two nations are united by shared values of democracy, respect for individual rights, and a shared commitment to freedom.

NERMEEN SHAIKH: Pompeo and Mattis’s trip comes just a week after the Indian government conducted raids across the country targeting prominent human rights activists, lawyers, poets and critics of the Narendra Modi government. At least five people were arrested. The Indian government has accused them of inciting violence and having suspected links to Maoist rebels.

AMY GOODMAN: Critics say the arrests are part of a broader attempt by Modi’s government to silence dissidents ahead of next year’s general election. We go right now to New Delhi, India, where we’re joined by the prize-winning author and activist Arundhati Roy to talk about U.S.-Indian ties, last week’s raids and today’s historic judgment by the Indian Supreme Court legalizing gay sex. The court today overturned a 157-year-old colonial-era law known as Section 377. Arundhati Roy won the Booker Prize in 1997 for her first novel, The God of Small Things. Her most recent novel is titled The Ministry of Utmost Happiness.

Arundhati, welcome back to Democracy Now! Why don’t you start off by talking about top U.S. officials–

ARUNDHATI ROY: Thanks, Amy.

AMY GOODMAN: —coming to firm up military ties with India, just as you and a number of critics have held a news conference after the Modi government raided critics’ homes? Explain what’s taking place in India today.

ARUNDHATI ROY: Well, I guess it’s not a contradiction, you know, because India is becoming a militarized state, and the militarization is not necessarily just aimed at countries outside, like Pakistan; it’s aimed at controlling a population, a very diverse population. And the Modi administration, Modi himself as well as many of his ministers, belong to an organization of which I have spoken many times, called the RSS, who want India to become what is known as a Hindu nation, which would involve a sort of clampdown on an array of different voices, on minorities, on people who think differently. In a way, India is a country of minorities, when you look at caste and ethnicity and religion. So, yeah, I mean, weapons import would be important to control the home population as well as the outside.

And while Pompeo and Mattis are here, maybe you would like us to keep them for you here, since they claim to be these great evangelical Christians. You know, I mean, we are marking the 10th anniversary of the massacre of Christians in Kandhamal by Hindu vigilante groups. In fact, before he became the prime minister, Modi was banned from coming to the U.S., and technically, the reason was not the attack on Muslims, but the attack on Christians, which goes on unabated. So, maybe they’d like to talk about that, too, while they’re here.

NERMEEN SHAIKH: Well, I want to just point out the scale of the increase of U.S. arms sales to India in the last years. Arms imports from the U.S. to India rose no less than 557 percent between 2008-2012 and 2013-2017. The U.S. is now the number two weapons supplier to India after Russia.

But I want to turn to the concerns that you’ve raised about these weapons imports, targeting not just Pakistan and others outside India, but what are perceived, increasingly—the large numbers of people within India who are perceived as a threat to the Modi government, among them these activists who were arrested last week. Now, you’ve said that the situation in India today following these activists’ arrests constitutes more or less a coup against the Constitution and also that it could potentially be more dangerous than the emergency state that was declared by Indira Gandhi in 1975. So could you talk about some of your concerns and what you think this means for where India is headed?

ARUNDHATI ROY: Well, yes, I said that, because, you know, while the emergency was a terrible moment in the '70s for the people of this country, and civil rights were suspended, and hundreds of people were arrested and put into prison, what you're seeing now is a different scenario. It’s a script that was written almost a hundred years ago. And you’re seeing this administration right now at its most dangerous, because polls and analysis have revealed, the voting data show, a sharp dip in its popularity.

And the reasons for that are not just the spreading of this manifesto of hatred, but also the fact that Modi’s announcement of demonetization, the delegitimization of 80 percent of the currency in November 2016. Today—I mean, a few days ago, the Reserve Bank came out with figures which were shocking, which said that 99 percent of the currency has returned to the banking system. The Guardian did a story saying it cost India about one-and-a-half million jobs and that the GDP dropped by perhaps a whole percentile. So, there is that. There is a massive scandal brewing about the purchase of Rafale fighter jets from France, which is a scandal the scale of whose corruption seems to be unimaginable.

There is a lot of disaffection, and at this time, they seek to change the script, you know? And so, by arresting these very well-known lawyers and activists, people who are vociferous, people who represent the most vulnerable populations, both in court as well as in the media and so on, it’s a way of silencing a massive population, you know? So, it might sound very minor that you’ve just put people under house arrest while the court decides whether or not they can be arrested now, because the matter is in court, but, actually, it’s a very, very serious thing.

And most significant is that there is a huge unrest–you know, the Muslims have been targeted and more or less erased from electoral mathematics. Now you have a—there’s a huge amount of unrest among the Dalit community. Now, these activists who are being accused of being Maoists and sort of fomenting violence in a big rally that took place in January, on the 1st of January 2018, and a day earlier, on the 31st of December, it’s a way of targeting Dalits, of insulting sort of Dalit aspiration by imputing that, “Oh, it’s all created by these Maoists.” And these are professors, lawyers, people who are working very openly, and whose beliefs are pretty clear and who have been writing for years about the things they believe in.

So, there is a deep mischief afoot, and it;\’s a very, very dangerous situation, because, of course, initially, they accused these five people of being part of fomenting violence at a meeting called the Elgar Parishad on December 31st. Then it turned out that, oh, they were not there at the meeting. Then they claimed they were part of an assassination plot against Modi, which is of course an old theme, you know, right from 2005. There have been these claims, and people have also been just executed—extrajudicial executions of people who were called terrorists plotting to kill Modi. So, in a way, they are lucky that they survived and are alive.

But now, you know, the script keeps changing. What they’re accused of keeps changing. So right now, we are being told that, “Oh, they are purchasing an immense amount of weapons and planning unrest across the city.” And I don’t know how to explain how ludicrous this is. I actually know most of these people, and, you know, to accuse them of this is just corny.

AMY GOODMAN: And, Arundhati Roy, it’s not only of course, as you point out, these prominent people, but there of thousands of people being arrested in different states in India. And if you can talk about the significance of this and what states are particularly being targeted?

ARUNDHATI ROY: Well, you know, there are scenarios which are complex and different. One is, as I said at that press conference and in my press release, that today in India to be murdered is a crime. To be lynched is a crime. To be poor is a crime. To speak up for the disadvantaged makes you part of a plot to overthrow the government. So you have, on the one hand, sort of a whole scenario, a landscape, in which there are vigilante mobs who have beaten people to death, who have axed people to death, who put up these videos on YouTube, who do so with impunity, who have been honored and garlanded by ministers for doing so, when they come out of their very short spells in jail, when they come out on bail.

So you have an administration that gives them—I mean, it doesn’t itself involve itself in killing, but it has made it very clear that vigilante mobs, cow protection mobs and so on, are not going to be punished. And you can imagine in a country like this with the level of unrest, the level of poverty, the level of frustration—because there are no jobs–you can imagine what this kind of immunity creates. I mean, yesterday there was a—impunity, I’m saying.

Yesterday, there was an article in the newspaper saying that 3,000 Ph.D. students and 28,000 graduates applied for jobs as peons in the police department, where the qualification was Class IV, you had to have passed up to Class V, and you should know how to ride a bicycle. So, I’m just giving you an example of the extent of frustration that can spill over into violence, and when you say that you have impunity and if you’re not getting a job, you can just beat a Muslim to death—that sort of situation.

Then you have the displacement that I have written about and spoken about on your show many times—you know, huge areas of the forest cordoned off while the forests are thought to be cleared, indigenous people being pushed off their lands. The forests are now isolated; lawyers, journalists, activists have been pushed out, so one doesn’t know what’s going on in there.

And now they are going after what they call “urban Maoists” or “urban Naxalites,” you know, so that means everybody who disagrees with them. And they don’t want to name indigenous communities or Dalit communities, because, unlike the Muslims, they need this, what they call votebank. So now you call them Maoists. You don’t name them for what they are. You don’t even give them the dignity of being people fighting for their own rights or their own aspirations, and then you go after them, so you can row these two boats at one time, and, on the one hand, pretend you’re very sensitive to Ambedkar and to Dalit aspiration, while, on the other hand, undermine them completely and arrest activists, but not call them Dalits, call them Maoists.

AMY GOODMAN: Arundhati Roy, we have to break. We’re going to come right back. Arundhati Roy, the prize-winning author, activist, speaking to us from New Delhi. When we come back, we’re going to speak to you about the Indian Supreme Court’s decision today, this historic decision legalizing gay sex. This is Democracy Now! Back in a minute.